Surgical Sutures Explained: Types & Functions

What Are Surgical Sutures?

Surgical sutures are sterile medical threads used to close surgical incisions or traumatic wounds. Modern sutures range from traditional silk threads to advanced absorbable polymer materials that dissolve naturally. As critical wound closure devices, they prevent infection while promoting tissue healing processes.

Types of Surgical Sutures

1. Absorbable vs Non-Absorbable

   • Absorbable sutures (e.g., Vicryl®, Monocryl®) break down via hydrolysis within 60-90 days

   • Non-absorbable sutures (e.g., Prolene®, Nylon) require removal post-healing

2. Material Composition
   • Natural: Surgical silk, Catgut (collagen)
   • Synthetic: Polyglycolic acid (PGA), Polydioxanone (PDS)

3. Thread Structure

   • Monofilament: Single-strand (reduced infection risk)

   • Braided: Multi-strand (better knot security)

4. Needle Types
   Reverse cutting needles (skin) vs Tapered needles (vessels)

 Surgical Sutures Functions 

✅ Primary Closure
Aligns wound edges for scar minimization

✅ Hemostasis Control
Applies pressure to bleeding vessels

✅ Tissue Layer Approximation
Multi-layered closure for abdominal surgery or orthopedic procedures

✅ Infection Barrier
Reduces microbial entry with proper suture spacing techniques

✅ Healing Guidance
Absorbable variants support internal healing timelines

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